World Agroforestry Centre | agroforestree database 4.0

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This database provides detailed information on a total of 670 agroforestry tree species. It is intended to help field workers and researchers in selecting appropriate species for agroforestry systems and technologies.

For each species, the database includes information on identity, ecology and distribution, propagation and management, functional uses, pests and diseases and a bibliography.

This project has been funded by the British Department for International Development (DFID, the European Union and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF).

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Afzelia africana	Seed collection starts soon after maturation because the seed is heavily browsed by wildlife and livestock. It may even be necessary to install a fence under a chosen seed bearer or to climb up the tree to collect the seed. Seeds exhibit a recalcitrant behavior in storage. There are 350-450 seeds/kg.
Artocarpus altilis	Seeds display recalcitrant storage behaviour. The short-lived seeds should not be allowed to dry out and should be kept moist at 20 deg. C. Seeds germinate immediately and are unable to withstand desiccation, hence loose viability within a few weeks and cannot be stored. Wherever seeds occur they are distributed by flying foxes.
Artocarpus heterophyllus	Seed storage behaviour is recalcitrant. Viability is maintained for 2 years in moist storage at 15 deg. C, seeds kept in polythene bags filled with perlite at 6 deg. C. There are about 430 seeds/kg.
Artocarpus integer	A. integer exhibits a recalcitrant seed storage behaviour; no whole seed or excised embryo remains viable when the mean seed mc is reduced to 30.2% and the embryo mc to 25.7%. Seed are stored in pits covered with about 5 cm dry earth. There are 40-50 seeds/kg.
Canarium ovatum	Refrigeration of seeds at 4-13 deg. C results in loss of viability after 5 days. Nuts in the shell, with 2.5-4.6% mc, can be stored in the shade for 1 year without deterioration of quality. Seed germination is highly recalcitrant, reducing from 98 to 19% after 12 weeks of storage at room temperature; seeds stored for more than 137 days did not germinate.
Durio zibethinus	Seeds are recalcitrant; they lose viability within 2 weeks. They tolerate desiccation to 41.5% mc if dried slowly, to 38.5% mc if dried rapidly. Excised embryos tolerated desiccation to 53.9% mc, and none survived further desiccation to 40.1% mc. There are between 60-70 seeds/kg.
Eriobotrya japonica	The seed does not store well and should be sown when still fresh. Moist storage is recommended; 92% germination following 6 months moist storage at 5 deg. C; viability maintained for 8 days in moist storage at 5 deg. C. Seed storage behaviour of E. japonica has been provisionally classified as recalcitrant, since only moist storage has been recommended. But this does not necessarily mean that this species shows recalcitrant seed behaviour. There are about 600 seeds/kg.
Litchi chinensis	Seed storage behaviour is recalcitrant; storing seed in moist peat moss at 8 deg. C is recommended. Viability is reduced from 100% to less than 20% on desiccation to about 20% mc, and no seeds remain viable when mc is reduced below this value. There is complete loss in viability after 7 days of open storage at 30 deg. C; however, viability of seed stored moist at 5 deg. C was maintained for 60 and at 30 deg. C for 100 days. Germination rate was 92% after 7 weeks of moist storage at 8-10 deg. C with 100% rh and with 80% nitrous oxide plus 20% oxygen; 69% after 280 days moist storage at 15 deg. C in moist (20% mc) perlite, plus chlorthalonil. Excised embryonic axes tolerate desiccation to 30% mc. Seeds extracted from fruit harvested at 98 days after anthesis are more tolerant of desiccation than those from overripe or immature fruit.
Syzygium cuminii	Seed storage behaviour is recalcitrant; seeds germinate well when fresh, but viability is lost within 2 weeks of open storage at room temperature. On average there are 1 200-1 800 seeds/kg.
Theobroma cacao	Seed storage behaviour is recalcitrant. Storage temperature between 4 and 15 deg. C is damaging to seed viability and germination. Optimum storage temperature appears to be 17 deg. C. Seeds tolerate desiccation to 25% mc when dried at 20 deg. C, while only about 40-60% survive when dried at 10 deg. C; seeds stored in pods at 5 or 10 deg. C are killed within 2 days, and there is 100% survival when stored in pods at temperatures of 15-30 deg. C for 3 weeks. Viability is reduced from 92% to 18% on desiccation from 45% to 36.7% mc; no seeds survive desiccation to 26% mc; 24% germination after 8 months subimbibed storage (41-42% mc) at 98% rh and 20 deg. C with Thiram fungicide. Similarly, no seeds survive desiccation to below 20% mc, and no fresh seeds survive in storage at 4 deg. C or 15 deg. C.