RESEARCH PROFILE
	TRACKING TECHNOLOGY "SPILLOVER" Gender-disaggregated focus group discussions help to identify basic patterns of technology sharing and adoption, as well as to interpret the findings of spillover studies.

The literature on scaling out generally emphasizes how to get technologies beyond pilot communities or farmer groups to larger numbers of farmers. This is only part of the story within AHI. In addition to seeking more widespread adoption of successful technologies, it is important to understand system ramifications of technological innovation—both positive and negative—so these can be better managed. In this light, AHI has developed methodologies for tracking the spontaneous farmer-to-farmer spread of technologies after their introduction and the impacts of this spread so that scaling out can bring more widespread positive impact. Other methods were designed to assess the effectiveness of different dissemination agents (church, local government, farmer groups) and different dissemination media (leaflets, disseminations, cross-site visits, drama). These methods increase our understanding of barriers to more widespread adoption, innovations introduced by farmers that enable improved "fits" of technologies into the farming system, and dissemination pathways (media, social networks) so that mechanisms for scaling out can be better designed. They also highlight some of the risks associated with technological innovation, and point to the need for complementary social, technological or policy interventions that can enhance the positive and minimize the negative impacts of agricultural research and development.

In addition to scaling out technologies, AHI has a mandate of taking INRM methods developed in pilot sites to research and development actors throughout the region. Efforts to scale up participatory methods are described under Institutionalization. Approaches for scaling up other methods under development in AHI pilot sites are currently under development. These efforts will be coupled with research to understand how methods can be disseminated more broadly without losing quality and the most effective institutional arrangements for the widespread application of the integrated natural resource management approach.