Melinda Firds Program Management Unit Assistant
World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang,
Bogor Barat - Indonesia 16115
Tel: +62 2511 8625415
Fax: +62 2511 8625416
Email: icrafseapub@cgiar.org
An agent-based modelling approach (LB-LUDAS model) was applied to simulate and visualize
the temporal and spatial scale effects of the Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme on the trade-offs
between goods and services in the rubber agroforest landscapes in Jambi Province, (Sumatra) Indonesia. The
PES scheme under investigation is a form of eco-certification of biodiversity-friendly rubber agroforests, as
an economic incentive to keep rubber agroforests from conversion into monoculture plantations. Within the
model, we integrated the concept of PES conditionality, where biodiversity performance measures were set
for household agents to qualify for incentives. On the other hand, species richness, carbon sequestration, and
natural succession sub-models are imbedded in the landscape agents. During the simulation, we looked at
three different price scenarios to determine how they will affect the land-use decision of the agents and the
ecosystem services supply. The main results showed that PES for rubber agroforests could offer synergies
among carbon emission reduction, biodiversity and livelihoods when compared to the existing land-use
practices. At the same time, the scheme could reduce the trade-offs resulting from possible land-use/cover
change. The results of the simulation were validated using a role-playing game testing responses to external
agents.
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