Melinda Firds Program Management Unit Assistant
World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang,
Bogor Barat - Indonesia 16115
Tel: +62 2511 8625415
Fax: +62 2511 8625416
Email: icrafseapub@cgiar.org
James M Roshetko, Dede Rohadi, Aulia Perdana, Gerhard Sabastian, Nunung Nuryartono, Agus Astho Pramono, Nurin Widyani, Philip Manalu, Muhammad Anies Fauzi, Purnomo Sumardamto and Nuning Kusumowardhani
Year
2013
Parent Title
Paper presented at the World Teak Conference 2013, Bangkok, Thailand, 24–27 March 2013
City of Publication
Bangkok, Thailand
Pages
1-18
Call Number
PP0331-13
Keywords
silviculture, smallholder farmers, timber investment and marketing, intercropping, tumpangsari, taungya
Abstract:
Teak is produced in industrial plantations in more than 43 countries. National and international demand for teak
timber exceeds the sustainable yield from natural forests and plantations. High demand creates opportunities for
enterprising farmers. Teak is now grown in smallholder agroforestry systems in many tropical countries. These
systems enable farmers to diversify production, reduce farm risk, contribute to food security, and generate much
needed income. The also meet commercial needs for timber and improve environmental conditions. This paper
reports the contributions of teak systems to smallholder livelihoods in Indonesia, where farmers have been
producing teak for over 50 years. Indonesian farmers cultivate teak as one component if integrated multispecies
agroforestry systems. Annual cropping is an important aspect of these systems, producing commodities for both
household consumption and market sale. Besides supplying food for households, smallholder teak systems provide
40% of household income from agricultural and timber crops. Teak and other tree crops allow households to reallocate
labor to off-farm employment when those opportunities are lucrative. However, farmers suffer from limited
resources, labor and access to information, which constrain the productivity of their teak systems. Specific
recommendations are provided regarding how smallholders can adopt improved silvicultural and marketing
management. Roles for government, support agencies and industry are outlined that would provide benefits to all
parties. Policy changes are identified that would motivate smallholders to improve the management of their teak
systems. Conclusions and recommendations are applicable to smallholder teak systems across the tropics.
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